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Portable Appliance Test Certificate (PAT)

A PAT Testing Certificate records the results of portable appliance testing — the inspection and electrical testing of plug-in equipment to ensure it is safe to use. While not a legal requirement per se, employers have a duty under the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 to ensure electrical equipment is safe. PAT testing is the accepted way to demonstrate compliance.

Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, IET Code of Practice for In-Service Inspection and TestingValid: Annual (typical, varies by environment)

What it covers

  • Visual inspection of plug, cable, and appliance
  • Earth continuity test
  • Insulation resistance test
  • Polarity check (where applicable)
  • Functional check
  • Pass/fail result for each appliance

Who needs a PAT?

Employers and businesses
Landlords (HMOs)
Schools and public buildings
Event organisers
Charities

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Frequently asked questions about PAT

Is PAT testing a legal requirement?
Not specifically, but the Electricity at Work Regulations require employers to ensure electrical equipment is safe. PAT testing is the industry-standard way to demonstrate this. Failing to test could leave you liable if an incident occurs.
How often should PAT testing be done?
It depends on the environment. Offices typically need testing every 2-4 years, construction sites every 3 months, and schools/hotels annually. The IET Code of Practice has recommended frequencies for each environment.
Can anyone do PAT testing?
The regulations say a "competent person" must carry it out. There is no formal qualification required by law, but training courses are widely available and recommended. Most businesses hire a professional tester.

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